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ca A.D. 500
This time estimate is based the Merlin hologram's message that was discovered in Avalon. In it, he associated King Arthur to Ambrosius Aurelianus, who fought in the Battle of Mount Badon, which most scholars place at around A.D. 500. (9.01 "Avalon Part 1")
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Moros and Ganos Lal begin to actively oppose the Ori:
- Once ascended, Moros learned of the Ori and how The Others were shielding humanity from them. He believed that the Ori were a major threat not only to the humans, but also to the ascended Ancients who were their rivals. He decided to give up his ascension and return to human form to develop a weapon that could be used against ascended beings. He returned to this form with his knowledge and powers, making him one of the most powerful beings of his time on Earth. (9.18 "Arthur's Mantle", 10.03 "The Pegasus Project")
- Moros, who became known as Myrddin and then Merlin of Arthurian legends, reestablished "Avalon" on Earth (the name the Altera gave to their new home in the Milky Way) and what remains of it exists to this day inside the Glastonbury Tor in England. This place also has a ring transporter, holographic technology, and sophisticated interactive artificial intelligence computer systems, as well as the treasures of Ambrosius Aurelianus (King Arthur). (9.01 "Avalon Part 1", 9.02 "Avalon Part 2")
- Merlin developed a phase-shifting device, later called "Arthur's Mantle", to hide himself in an alternate dimension to develop his weapon in secret, supposedly where The Others could not find him. When he left Earth, he left this device behind in "Avalon". (9.18 "Arthur's Mantle")
- Merlin started settlements on other planets, all centered around King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, including the community on a planet called "Camelot", where he had his sanctuary and left his library of research, historical documents, and prophecies. He protected his library and his anti-ascended weapon with a sophisticated security system. (9.18 "Arthur's Mantle", 9.20 "Camelot Part 2", 10.03 "The Pegasus Project", 10.11 "The Quest Part 2")
- The Others sent Ganos Lal to watch Merlin because they feared that he might be successful in developing this device that could destroy ascended beings. Ganos, whose name is Morgan Le Fay in Arthurian legends, found Merlin on "Camelot" and destroyed the weapon, but preserved Merlin in an Ancient stasis chamber because she agreed with what he was trying to do as far as the Ori were concerned. Merlin's disappearance prompted Arthur and his Knights to go on the Quest for the Holy Grail, but in this case, the Holy Grail was a misinterpretation of the name for the Sangreal, which really was a "Blood Stone" in the form of a red jewel worn as a pendant. (9.20 "Camelot Part 2", 10.03 "The Pegasus Project", Stargate: The Ark of Truth)
- For well over a thousand years, Merlin lived in that pod, oblivious to the passage of time and growing old ever so slowly. (10.11 "The Quest Part 2")
- Morgan established a private network of Stargates to hide Merlin and his knowledge of how to build the weapon. She put in place clues so that Arthur and his Knights could figure out where Merlin was hidden, but none of them succeeded in their quest. Among the planets visited by the Knights in their quest were Castiana, Sahal, and Vagonbrei. (9.20 "Camelot Part 2", 10.10 "The Quest Part 1", 10.11 "The Quest Part 2")
- The Others continued to shield humanity, apparently satisfied with Morgan's destruction of the weapon. (9.03 "Origin Part 3", 10.11 "The Quest Part 2")
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ca A.D. 1000
This time estimate is based on Jacob/Selmak's reaction to the news that Anubis had returned to rejoin the System Lords and on the conversation Osiris had with Yu concerning Anubis's absence. (5.16 "Last Stand Part 2")
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Anubis ascends with the help of Oma Desala:
- Around this time, Anubis and Telchak were in battle over the Ancient device now known as the Telchak Device from which Telchak had designed the sarcophagus. Anubis won the battle, but he didn't find the Device. Telchak had hidden it in one of his temples in Central America, in modern-day Honduras. Telchak became known as the Mayan god Chac, and it is believed that the Device was the basis of the Fountain of Youth myth because of its healing and rejuvinating powers. (7.11 "Evolution Part 1")
- The System Lords were a select group of Goa'uld who had the greatest power and the largest domains. Among these System Lords were Ra, Apophis, Yu, and Anubis, to name but a few. Anubis, however, committed crimes that even the Goa'uld described as "unspeakable", so they threw him off of the System Lord's High Council and tried to kill him. (5.16 "Last Stand Part 2")
- Apparently Anubis was very interested in powerful Ancient technology (as his pursuit of the Telchak Device indicates) and by this time, he had discovered Ancient research on ascension. He fled to Kheb and tricked Oma into ascending him. As soon as Oma realized what she had done by ascending an evil being such as a Goa'uld, she tried to undo her work, but The Others stepped in. They sent him back "halfway" between corporeal existence and ascension, but he still remained a being of energy with eternal life. They also forbade him to use any knowledge or power obtained through ascension, unless he otherwise would have gained it as a Goa'uld. Anubis was out of the System Lord picture for a thousand years before he made his return. He had to develop a containment shield that allowed him to interact with those in the corporeal plane. This containment shield gave him a humanoid appearance, but he had to wear a cloak that hid his "face". (6.22 "Full Circle", 8.03 "Lockdown", 8.18 "Threads")
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ca A.D. 1600
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The Others banish Orlin for interfering with the development of the Velonans:
- By this time, The Others had long established their rules of non-interference as far as interacting with the lower planes of existence, but there were still some members among them who felt a strong attachment to humans. One such Ancient was Orlin, who didn't want to stand by and watch as the Goa'uld overtook the Velonans, so he communicated the knowledge of how to build a powerful weapon for defense. The Velonans were not advanced enough on their own to take the responsibility of suddenly having such power, so after they used the weapon on the Goa'uld, they turned it on other planets for conquest. The Others destroyed the Velonans because they would have been destroyed by the Goa'uld if Orlin had not interfered and banished Orlin to the desolate planet, where he remained all by himself for four hundred years. (5.03 "Ascension")
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A.D. 1928-1929
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The Langford Expedition uncovers the Giza Stargate; Time traveler arrives to save the Stargate:
- Professor Langford was leading an archaeological expedition in Giza, Egypt, in 1928, when he discovered a large circular coverstone and a ring-shaped device underneath it. The coverstone and the device were kept in storage in Egypt until Langford could get the items shipped to the United States for study. (Stargate: The Movie, 1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus", Stargate: Continuum)
- Langford's Expedition also found several small artifacts, including a gold pendant that had the eye of Ra etched on it. Langford's little daughter Catherine was given the necklace, and she always wore it, believing it was a good luck charm. (Stargate: The Movie, 1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus")
- A future alternate timeline version of Cameron Mitchell (the future leader of SG-1) prematurely arrived in 1929 instead of his target of 1939. He was on a mission to stop the last of the Goa'uld System Lords, Ba'al, from intercepting the Stargate on its way from Africa to the United States in the hold of the cargo ship Achilles. Ba'al intended to rewrite the timeline with himself as the supreme commander of the galaxy. For ten years, Mitchell had to make sure that he himself didn't impact the timeline and that he was aboard the Achilles when Ba'al arrived. (Stargate: Continuum)
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A.D. 1931
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The Steward Expedition finds the tomb of Osiris and Isis:
- The Steward Expedition found a small pyramid temple several miles outside of present-day Cairo, Egypt. They uncovered several artifacts, including 10,000-year-old ones and the canopic jars into which Osiris and Isis had been banished. The ship transporting these artifacts to the United States sank off the coast of New Jersey six months after the discovery. Isis died when her canopic jar was damaged in the shipwreck, but Osiris's jar remained intact. When the Expedition members unsealed the tomb, they were exposed to mold spores that caused them all to die within a year. From all of this misfortune, the artifacts were said to be cursed because the tomb had been disturbed. (4.14 "The Curse")
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A.D. 1939
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Stargate is shipped to Boston; Time traveler ensures Stargate arrives safely:
- Dr. Langford convinced United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt to begin the study of the device he found in Egypt, which he called the "Doorway to Heaven". Roosevelt thought that it might have been a weapon, and he wanted to prevent it from falling into enemy hands before the outbreak of World War II, so he ordered that the crated artifact be shipped to the United States by the Merchant Marines aboard the Achilles. Captain Mitchell, not knowing what the cargo was, plotted a course that zig-zagged across the Atlantic to avoid U-Boats. The ship, its crew, and its precious cargo arrived safely in Boston after the intervention of a time traveling version of the captain's grandson, Cameron Mitchell, prevented the Goa'uld System Lord Ba'al from changing the timeline. (It was the System Lord's plan to blow up the Achilles to stop the Stargate from reaching the United States, thus preventing the founding of the Stargate Program that would see the end of the Goa'uld System Lords' reign.). (1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus", Stargate: Continuum)
- Remarkably, the time traveler was photographed with the captain after the Achilles safely reached Boston, and this picture was passed down in the family until it got to Cameron Mitchell in the present day. Even though the time traveler, the captain, and the crew of Achilles were witness to Ba'al's invasion and the Achilles was damaged with the unstable vortex of the Stargate's wormhole, the secrets of the Stargate were kept so that the "original" timeline was preserved. (Stargate: Continuum)
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A.D. 1945
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First modern man from Earth travels through the Stargate to another world; Pangarans find Egeria:
- Langford's research team had to attach power and dial the Stargate manually because they didn't have the Dial Home Device (DHD). It was later revealed that the Russians confiscated it from the Germans after the end of the war. (1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus", 4.07 "Watergate")
- One of the members of Langford's research team was Professor Ernest Littlefield, a young archaeologist who was engaged to be married to Langford's 21-year-old daughter Catherine. Littlefield was so preoccupied with studying the Stargate that he failed to ask Langford for Catherine's hand in marriage. He determined that the cartouche on the coverstone was actually a six-point location in space and that the device was capable of going to lots of places because there were more than six symbols on it. Langford dismissed this theory, instead advocating that "doorway to heaven" could mean that the device kills. (1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus")
- The team randomly dialed the Stargate and succeeded at making a connection. Littlefield volunteered to go through it. He was fitted in a diver's suit, but after he passed through the event horizon, the Stargate deactivated, and his umbilical was severed. No one knew what had happened to him, but they all assumed that he was dead. The Stargate was packed into a storage crate and placed in an armory in Washington, D.C. The research film and papers were packed away into boxes and stored in the Pentagon. Langford never told Catherine that the Stargate had been activated and that Ernest had stepped through it. Instead, he told her that Ernest died in an explosion at the lab. Catherine, brokenhearted, never married. (1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus", 2.21 "1969")
- At about this same time (perhaps closer to A.D. 1950), the people of the planet Pangar found Egeria's canopic jar and began conducting research on the symbiote. They found that the Goa'uld have a natural healing property that they could exploit. They forced the queen to produce larvae, which they in turn began to use as an ingredient in a drug they called "Tretonin". They developed a usable formula by 1970 and began taking the drug that gave them perfect health. Unfortunately, after continual use, the drug destroyed their immune systems, and the users had to stay on the drug or die. Research and development continued until they met SG-1 during its sixth year of operation. (6.10 "Cure")
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ca A.D. 1969-1994
Although Stargate: The Movie was released in 1994, the series Stargate SG-1 held it as canon that Daniel Jackson and Jack O'Neill went through the Stargate to Abydos one year prior to the series' premiere on Showtime on 27 July 1997. Several dates in this section are derived from the 1997 premiere date and from what was said about the study of the Stargate in the pilot "Children of the Gods". It should also be noted that the location of the Stargate in the movie was Creek Mountain, whereas it was established in the pilot that the Stargate had been housed in Cheyenne Mountain when Daniel reopened it.
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Catherine Langford resumes the study of the Giza Stargate:
- Catherine Langford began to study the Stargate once again using her father's research notes, which he told her were all that existed to document his project. She still wasn't told that her father's team activated the "Doorway to Heaven" back in 1945 and that Ernest Littlefield had gone through it. The study of the device was slow, but Catherine recognized the need to provide it with stable power to unlock the inner ring. (1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus", 2.21 "1969")
- Langford's interest in starting up the study of the device once again might have been sparked by a visit from a young man claiming to be the son of one of her father's colleagues. He and the young woman who accompanied him discussed the discoveries made by the Langford Expedition and asked about the current whereabouts of the device. Amazingly, this young couple were actually the time travelers Dr. Daniel Jackson and Captain Samantha Carter, who had been accidentally sent back to 1969 by the Stargate and needed to get back to their own time where they were members of SG-1 in the Stargate Program. (2.21 "1969")
- Starting in 1982, Catherine's research team began to develop a computerized system to dial the Stargate instead of having to do it manually. (1.01 "Children of the Gods Part 1")
- Catherine was not given access to her father's team's research that was classified and filed away in the Pentagon when her project came under the control of the Air Force around 1985. Eventually, the project, called Project Giza, was overseen by General West and was kept deep in the bowels of Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Catherine was promised complete autonomy in the project, even though it was being overseen by the US military. The research team continued to develop a computer program that would spin the inner ring and lock the chevrons on the Stargate, but they never could get the device to activate because they failed to recognize the need for the seventh chevron (to indicate the point of origin to plot a course to the point in space defined by the other six symbols in the Stargate address from the coverstone). (Stargate: The Movie, 1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus")
- Air Force Captain Samantha Carter held a doctorate in Theoretical Astrophysics and was assigned to Catherine's team to study the Stargate sometime around 1994. Most of her time was spent at the Pentagon trying to convince the Air Force to continue the study of the device, even though they still didn't know what it was. This project was later called the Stargate Program after Dr. Daniel Jackson solved the riddle of the device's function. (1.01 "Children of the Gods Part 1", 1.11 "The Torment of Tantalus", 2.09 "Secrets")
- Also around 1994, Catherine brought in new team members to translate the coverstone and study the device in Cheyenne Mountain. (Stargate: The Movie, 1.01 "Children of the Gods Part 1")
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